Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Bioplastik Pati Biji Durian (Durio Zibethinus) dengan CMC, Kitosan dan Plastisizer Gliserol dengan Penambhan TiO2 sebagai Filler

Abstract

The manufacture of durian seed starch bioplastics CMC, chitosan and glycerol with the addition of TiO2 as filler and the manufacture of durian seed starch bioplastics chitosan and glycerol with the addition of TiO2 as filler using the mixing method. The resulting bioplastics were characterized by tensile strength test, FTIR, biodegradation test, swelling test, and SEM test. The results of the research on tensile strength test showed that bioplastic durian seeds starch CMC, chitosan and glycerol with the addition of TiO2 as filler has optimum results on the addition of CMC 1.1 g obtained at 0.42 MPa and the percentage of elongation value of 37% and tensile strength test bioplastic durian seeds starch without CMC obtained at 0.21 MPa and elongation value of 11.14%. The percentage of water absorption of durian seed starch bioplastics CMC, chitosan and glycerol with the addition of TiO2 as filler is 62%, while the percentage of water absorption of durian seed starch bioplastics without CMC has decreased by 17%. The results of the biodegradation test on durian seed starch bioplastics CMC, chitosan and glycerol with the addition of TiO2 as filler obtained 84% while durian seed starch bioplastics without CMC obtained 91%. SEM test results on durian seed starch bioplastics CMC, chitosan and glycerol with the addition of TiO2 as filler has a smoother material surface with larger grains and a more uniform distribution. This indicates that the addition of CMC exerts a homogenizing effect on the bioplastic structure, making it more bonded and stable. The homogeneity of the bioplastic structure is a sign of an improvement in the mechanical strength value of the bioplastic while the durian seed starch bioplastic without CMC has a denser material structure with small and non-uniform granules. The surface appears rougher and irregular, which may indicate imperfections in the bond between particles in the bioplastic matrix. The results of the analysis of the functional groups of durian seed starch bioplastics CMC, chitosan and glycerol with TiO2 as filler and durian seed starch bioplastics without CMC show that there is no chemical bonding in the composite. This is indicated by the absence of changes in the functional groups O-H, C-H, N-H, C-H-O, C-O-C