Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Petai Cina (Leucaena leucocephala L.) terhadap Kadar Malondialdehid sebagai Biomarker Stress Oksidatif pada Model Tikus Wistar Diabetes Melitus

Abstract

Diabetes melitus (DM) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia, which leads to oxidative stress and an increase in stress oksidative biomarkers such as malondialdehyde (MDA), contributing to complications, including those in the oral cavity. Natural antioxidants, such as those found in Petai cina leaf extract, have the potential to reduce oxidative stress by enhancing endogenous antioxidant activity, neutralizing free radicals, and lowering MDA levels, thus protecting tissues from oxidative damage. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Petai cina leaf extract (600 mg/kg body weight) on blood glucose and MDA levels in alloxan-induced diabetic Wistar rats, with assessments on days 14 and 21. Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups: negative control (CMC-Na, groups 1 and 4), positive control (astaxanthin, groups 2 and 5), and treatment (petai cina leaf extract, groups 3 and 6). The treatments were administered for 14 days for groups 1–3 and 21 days for groups 4–6. Blood glucose levels before and after alloxan induction, as well as before and after treatment, were analyzed using paired t-tests. MDA levels between groups on day 14 were analyzed using Welch’s ANOVA and Games-Howell post-hoc test, while on day 21, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests were applied. The correlation between blood glucose and MDA levels was assessed using Pearson’s correlation for the petai cina leaf extract group and Spearman’s correlation for the CMC-Na and astaxanthin groups. The results indicated that Petai cina leaf extract did not significantly reduce blood glucose and MDA levels on days 14 and 21. Additionally, a positive but non-significant correlation was found between blood glucose and MDA levels, suggesting that higher blood glucose levels were associated with higher MDA levels.