Efektivitas Ekstrak Buah Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) dalam Menghambat Pertumbuhan Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Secara In Vitro

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a normal flora in the oral cavity and can transform into a pathogenic bacterium that causes infections. Prevention of infections can be achieved by using antibiotics or antibacterial therapy. However, inappropriate use of antibiotics can lead to increased resistance in bacteria, so natural ingredients are needed as an alternative treatment. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is a herbal plant that contains alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and triterpenoids, which have antibacterial effects. The aim of this research is to determine the effectiveness of andaliman fruit extract (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in vitro. This study is a laboratory experimental research with a post-test only control group design. This study uses andaliman fruit extract at concentrations of 50%, 25%, 12.5%, 6.25%, and 3.125%, a positive control (Chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2%) and a negative control (DMSO), using the disk diffusion method. The results of the tests were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests, which indicated a significant difference between the treatment groups (p<0.005). Therefore, it can be concluded that andaliman fruit extract (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.) is effective in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, with inhibition zone diameters at concentrations of 3.125%: 8.48 mm; 6.25%: 10.99 mm; 12.5%: 14.04 mm; 25%: 16.36 mm; and 50%: 18.65 mm.