| dc.description.abstract | The selection of drugs in Indonesia is guided by the National Essential Drug List, the national formulary, and the guidelines provided by the World Health Organization (WHO). The government is dedicated to ensuring the availability, equitable distribution, and affordability of medications, including those for diabetes, cholesterol, and high blood pressure. The national formulary (Fornas) aims to enhance the quality and efficiency of treatments while promoting the prudent use of medications within the implementation of the National Health Insurance (JKN) program. This study employed both retrospective and concurrent methods, utilizing a survey form to collect data on medications for diabetes, cholesterol, and hypertension in accordance with WHO guidelines, the National Essential Drug List (DOEN), and the national formulary (Fornas). The survey was conducted across 100 pharmacies located in 21 sub-districts of Medan City. The availability of medications for diabetes mellitus, cholesterol, and hypertension in Medan City in 2023, based on WHO, DOEN, and Fornas standards, remains relatively low. Most of the drugs studied are affordable, with daily prices below the regional income. Meanwhile, medications in the mid-cost category are generally considered reasonable, with only a few types classified as expensive. The implementation of the drug system for diabetes, cholesterol, and hypertension in Medan City has shown progress; however, there remains a gap between the current status and the desired target. It is recommended that the essential drug list be updated to reflect clinical needs, that drug availability be ensured across all health institutions, that public awareness be enhanced, and that drug prices be adjusted to alleviate the financial burden of treatment. | en_US |
