Formulasi dan Evaluasi Stabilitas Fisik, Efektivitas Anti Jerawat dari Nanogel yang Mengandung Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pegagan (Centella asiatica Linn.)

Abstract

Background: The gotu kola leaf extract (Centella asiatica L.) contains secondary metabolite compounds with antibacterial activity and can fight acne-causing bacteria. Nanogel was a nanoparticle formulation in gel form that could enhance the effectiveness of the preparation. Objectives: To test the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract from gotu kola leaves, formulate a nanogel of the ethanol extract, evaluate the physical stability and antibacterial activity of the preparation against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes bacteria, assess skin irritation, and determine its effectiveness as an anti-acne agent. Methods: The ethanol extract from gotu kola leaves was prepared using the maceration method, followed by testing its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. The nanogel formulation was created with variations of ethanol extract concentrations of 7.5% (F1), 8.75% (F2), and 10% (F3), and involved evaluating physical stability, antibacterial activity, irritation tests, and anti-acne effectiveness compared to its gel formulation. Results: The ethanol extract from gotu kola leaves exhibited strong antibacterial activity at a concentration of 100 mg/ml. The resulting nanogel was dark green, had a distinctive odor, and was semisolid, homogeneous, and stable during 12 weeks of storage, with particle sizes ranging from 83 to 409 nm. Nanogel F3 displayed the largest inhibition diameter compared to the other gel and nanogel preparations, measuring 13.82±0.95 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and 14.07±1.24 mm against Propionibacterium acnes. The nanogel preparation did not irritate the skin and showed a recovery percentage of sebum production and acne lesions of 39.82% and 53.92%, higher than the gel formulation. Conclusion: The ethanol extract from gotu kola leaves demonstrated antibacterial activity and could be formulated into a stable nanogel preparation over 12 weeks of storage. Nanogel F3 exhibited an increase in antibacterial activity of 4.50% and 8.08% against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes, did not irritate the skin, and showed better anti-acne activity than the gel formulation.