Uji Toksisitas Akut Nanogel Ekstrak Kulit Buah Delima (Punica granatum L.) Pada Hati Tikus Wistar Sebagai Bahan Terapi Penunjang Perawatan Periodontal

Abstract

Gingivitis is a reversible periodontal disease caused by plaque and requires anti-inflammatory and antibacterial agents to support mechanical therapy. Long term use of chemicals can pose health risks, while pomegranate peel contains ellagitannins and ellagic acid, which have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties. Nanotechnology offers the potential to enhance the effectiveness of herbal treatments, but it is important to ensure its safety to prevent side effects. This study aims to evaluate the acute toxicity of pomegranate peel extract nanogel (Punica granatum L.). The research used a complete randomized design with 30 female Wistar rats, divided into control (Na-CMC 0.5%) and treatment groups (pomegranate peel extract nanogel with doses of 5 mg/kg body weight, 50 mg/kg body weight, 300 mg /kg body weight, and 2000 mg/kg body weight), administered orally. The observed parameters included body weight, mortality, blood biochemistry (ALT and AST levels), macroscopics, relative organ weight, and liver histopathology. The results showed no significant differences (p>0.05) between the control and treatment groups in terms of body weight, macroscopic examination, and blood biochemistry. Histopathological analysis also showed no signs of severe liver damage. It was concluded that the gradual administration of pomegranate peel extract nanogel caused only very mild toxic effects and is considered safe for experimental animals.